Atmega8 Usb Driver For Mac
Share this:. How a generic keyboard is made has been already explained in the. In this project a wireless keyboard will be designed.
For making a wireless keyboard, there will be two circuits involved in the project – a transmitter circuit which will have a keypad included for getting the user input and a receiver circuit that will connect with the PC through USB port. The two circuits will connect wirelessly using NRF24lO1 module. The NRF module is a Wireless Transceiver that works on 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) band.
It is manufactured by Nordic Semiconductors. The transmitter section will have Arduino Mega as the controller. The Arduino Mega is selected due to large number of GPIO pins available with board.
So, if the project has to be expanded large number of keys can be interfaced to an Arduino Mega Board. At the transmitter section, the computation will be handled by two controller boards – Arduino UNO and Arduino Pro Micro, each having their own computational roles. At the end Arduino Pro Micro will connect with the USB port of the PC where the 8-bit USB AVR – Atmega 32u4 will work as the USB device controller chip. The Arduino Pro Micro will use AVR based Lightweight USB Framework (LUFA) as the firmware for implementing the USB protocol in the end phase of the project execution. Usually the Windows keyboard has 104 keys which is the de facto standard and the windows based laptops have 86-key keyboards. An Apple keyboard has 109 keys as the standard and Apple laptops have 78-key keyboard. In this project a 4-key keyboard is built to demonstrate the making of wireless keyboard.
The Arduino Pro Micro will use HID device driver class of LUFA framework for keyboard which will be modified to implement the project. With the use of LUFA firmware on Arduino Pro Micro, the device driver code to implement USB protocol is not needed to be written explicitly. The project works similar to any USB keyboard having wireless connectivity and has buttons for the following Inputs –:. Input H Alphabet to the computer.
Input I Alphabet to the computer. Turn Caps lock ON or OFF. Left Shift Key The transmitter circuit of the project uses tactile switches as the keyboard buttons, Arduino Mega for generating keycodes and NRF24LO1 for wireless connectivity. The receiver circuit of the project will use NRF24LO1 for receiving keycodes wirelessly, Arduino UNO to fetch and pass keycodes, Arduino Pro Micro to analyze keycodes and prepare HID keyboard specific data reports and USB cable to connect with the personal computer.
PREREQUISITES This project is based on Arduino Pro Micro, Arduino Mega and Arduino UNO which have AVR microcontrollers on board. In order to understand this project, one must have basic knowledge of the AVR microcontrollers and the embedded C programming for AVRs. WinAVR Studio is used to write, edit and compile the project code, so closely following the project shall require familiarizing with the above stated IDE as well. Though LUFA framework takes care of implementing the USB protocol on Arduino Pro Micro and has APIs to abstract the lower level codes, understanding USB protocol is recommended to understand how actually the project is working. In fact, if anyone has already worked on some other microcontroller and have some experience of working on electronic circuits, it will not be much pain to understand and follow this project.
The project is based on getting input from the GPIO pins of AVR MCU, transmitting data through SPI, interfacing wireless module with Arduino(s) and modifying the LUFA device driver for keyboard functionality. COMPONENTS REQUIRED 1. Arduino Pro Micro 2. Arduino Mega 3. Arduino UNO 4. Breadboard 5. Connecting wires 6.
Push buttons 7. Micro USB cable 8.
10K resistors 9. NRF24LO1 Transmitter and Receiver SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED 1. WinAVR Studio 2. BLOCK DIAGRAM CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS The project will have two circuits – Transmitter Circuit and the Receiver Circuit. The Transmitter will have following hardware blocks –:. Keys – The push buttons will be used as keyboard keys.
There will be four keys: h alphabet key, I alphabet key, Caps Lock key and Left Shift key. The Push buttons will be attached to Arduino Mega via Digital Input/Output pins. The switches will be interfaced to the pins of the Arduino Mega in the following manner The tactile switches are connected between the pins and the ground.
The pins by default are connected to VCC and receive a HIGH logic. Pressing a tactile switch changes the status at the respective pin to LOW by short circuiting to the ground. Arduino Mega – The Arduino Mega will be the controller board at the transmitter end.
The NRF will be interfaced with Arduino to add the wireless functionality. Push buttons that will work as keys will be attached to the GPIO pins of the Arduino. The Arduino Mega has more input pins than other boards, which makes it suitable for connecting large number of keys. Therefore, on Arduino Mega, the project can be expanded from four keys to a significant number of additional keys. NRF – The NRF24LO1 will be interfaced with the Arduino Mega via SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface).
It will be used to transmit data wirelessly to receiver. The NRF module will be interfaced to the Arduino Mega by connecting the pins in the following manner -: Read More.
Features. Fully USB 1.1 compliant low-speed device, except handling of communication errors and electrical specifications.
demonstrate device and host driver implementations on Linux, Mac OS X and Windows. Supports multiple endpoints: one control endpoint, two interrupt/bulk-in endpoints and up to 7 interrupt/bulk-out endpoints. (Note that the USB specification forbids bulk endpoints for low speed devices, but V-USB supports them to some degree.).
Transfer sizes up to 254 bytes by default, more as configuration option. Comes with freely usable USB identifiers (Vendor-ID and Product-ID pairs).
Runs on any AVR microcontroller with at least 2 kB of Flash memory, 128 bytes RAM and a clock rate of at least 12 MHz. No UART, timer, input capture unit or other special hardware is required (except one edge triggered interrupt). Can be clocked with 12 MHz, 15 MHz, 16 MHz 18 MHz or 20 MHz crystal or from a 12.8 MHz or 16.5 MHz internal RC oscillator. High level functionality is written in C and is well commented. Only about 1150 to 1400 bytes code size. You can choose the License: Open Source or commercial. Click for details.
Benefits over Alternative Solutions Why not choose a microcontroller with built-in USB hardware? There are several of these available (see ).
Or combine the microcontroller of your choice with a USB chip? Advantages over Microcontrollers with USB Hardware. Standard AVR controllers are usually easier to obtain.
Atmega8 Usb Driver For Mac
Most of the controllers with USB support are only available in SMD, which is almost impossible to handle for hobbyists. V-USB comes with a free shared Vendor- / Product-ID pair. A good free ANSI-C compiler (GNU gcc) and a free development system for Windows (WinAVR) are available for AVR. AVR controllers are faster than most of the controllers with integrated USB and cost less. Stand-alone operation: Some of the USB controllers download their firmware from the host computer into RAM. They don’t work without connection to the host. AVR controllers have on-chip EEPROM.
Advantages over separate USB Peripheral. No additional cost. No additional hardware complexity: simpler PCB, less failures. More freedom in the choice of USB descriptors. V-USB comes with a free shared Vendor- / Product-ID pair. Little hardware resources used: only two to three I/O pins. USB chips are often hard to obtain.
Advantages over other Firmware-Only Implementations A similar driver for the AVR series of microcontrollers is available from. Our USB driver has the following advantages over Igor’s driver:. All customizable code written in ANSI-C and thus easier to maintain. Modular concept: easier to integrate into existing designs. Slightly smaller code size in spite of high level language modules. Faster: All encoding/decoding (USB requires NRZI coding and bit stuffing) is done in real-time, not in the main loop after storing away the raw data stream.
More endpoints, USB descriptors can be better customized. V-USB comes with a free shared Vendor- / Product-ID pair. The level of standards conformance is documented (description of limitations and potential problems). Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License or alternatively under a commercial license.
Dick Streefland has stripped down an older version of V-USB to the basics. Is easier to read and understand, but lacks some of the features found in V-USB:. V-USB supports up to 4 endpoints. This allows implementing devices conforming to the HID or CDC device class. V-USB passes the tests in usb.org’s test utility. V-USB supports many different clock rates, some even with the internal RC oscillator.