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788XXX Telephone code 91 - (0) 03673 AS-08 Website Dima Hasao (Pron: ˈdɪmə həˈsaʊ) district — earlier called North Cachar Hills district — is an administrative in the state of in north-eastern. As of 2011 it is the least populous district of Assam (out of ). 'Dima Hasao' means 'Dimasa Hills' in the. Dima Hasao (N.

Hills) district is one of the two Autonomous hill districts of the state of Assam. The district headquarter Haflong is the only hill station in Assam, a tourist paradise, also named the Switzerland of the East. Dima Hasao comprises three subdivisions: (I) Haflong, (II) Maibang and (III) Diyungbra. The district consists of five Community Development Blocks: (I) Jatinga Valley Development Block, Mahur; (II) Diyung Valley Development Block, Maibang; (III) Harangajao ITD Block,; (IV) Diyungbra ITD Block, Diyungmukh; and (V) New Sangbar Development Block, Sangbar. There are four town committee in Dima Hasao viz. Haflong, Mahur, Maibang and Umrongso. And also mini towns like Harangajao, Langting, Diyungbra, etc.

Contents. History The earliest inhabitants of the present district were a Mongoloid stock of groups who prefer to stay atop hilly terrain and who practised their own culture, tradition and land rights governing themselves as independent tribes. As per records of different British historians and officials North Cachar Hills was already occupied by the Dimasa Kacharis, Kuki tribes and Zeme Naga tribe during the.

These three tribes are still the predominant tribes, while offshoots of these tribes have emerged in recent years. (North Cachar Hills) is home to 13 tribes and 6 non tribes. During the medieval period (1500-1854), Dima Hasao was part of the Dimasa Kachari Kingdom called 'Cachar' with its capital at Maibang.

The Dimasa Kingdom as per Ahom Buranjee, stretched from Kallang river in Nagaon to Kapili river that includes, apart from Cachar and North Cachar (Dima Hasao), the districts of Hojai, Nagaon, Golaghat and Karbi Anglong of Assam and Dimapur district, in Nagaland. In the colonial period, Khaspur in present-day Cachar district, had been administrative centre. However internal schism led to division of old Cachar into North Cachar and Cachar.

The last Dimasa king Govinda Chandra Hasnu assigned Kashi Chandra the hilly tract of Cachar i.e. Roughly Dima Hasao (North Cachar) for administrative purpose. Sooner the latter declared its independence over the hilly portion that lead to treacherous murder of Kashi Chandra by Raja Govinda Chandra.

Incensed, the son of Kashi Chandra, Tularam Hasnu incessantly created political turbulence asserting his sovereignty over hilly portion of Cachar. Finally, with British assistance, Tularam Hasnu succeeded in carving North Cachar hills from former Cachar. David Scott agent to British Raj in 1829 made an arrangement to recognise Tularam Hasnu as the ruler of North Cachar (Dima Hasao). In 1850s, Tularam Hasnu died and the frequent Angami raids and grave incident at Semkhor village paved a ground to extend British influence over North Cachar. In 1853 North Cachar was annexed and made part of Nagaon district of British Assam as subdivision. In 1867, this sub-division was abolished and apportioned into three parts among the, Khasi and,. The present Dima Hasao district, or formerly North Cachar Hills district was included in the old Cachar district with Asalu being only police outpost.

In 1880, this portion was constituted into a sub-division with headquarters at Gunjung under Cachar district. This headquarters was shifted to in 1895. Since then, Haflong has continued to be the headquarters.

In 1951, after the adoption of the, North Cachar Hills ceased to be a part of Cachar district, as specified under paragraph 20 of the sixth schedule to the constitution. This part along with constituted a new civil district named 'United district of North Cachar and Mikir Hills', which when into effect on 17 November 1951. According to a provision of the sixth schedule, two different councils were constituted later on, viz., North Cachar Hills District Council and Mikir Hills District Council within the geographical boundary of that North Cachar Hills District Council was inaugurated on 19 April 1952. On 2 February 1970, the government declared an independent administrative district, viz., North Cachar Hills District with the geographical boundary of autonomous North Cachar Hills district council. At presentthis autonomous council possesses administrative control over almost all departments of the district except law and order, administration, and the treasury department.

Geography The district headquarters are located at. Dima Hasao district occupies an area of 4,888 square kilometres (1,887 sq mi)., comparatively equivalent to 's. It is the third largest district of with 4888 km 2 after. Is surrounded by district (E) and Nagaland on North east, on East, District on North, Dist(W) on North-west, on West and on South. Politics Dima Hasao district is an enjoying the Sixth Schedule status granted by the Constitution of India. The Dima Hasao District.

Is administered by North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council (NCHAC). Members of the Autonomous Council (MAC)are elected by people of Dima Hasao. The Political party who has majority MACs form the ruling party. The Autonomous Council is a powerful body and almost all the department of government are under its control except the police and Law & Order is under Assam Government.

Dima Hasao Autonomous Council Constituencies: 1. Maibang East. Maibang West. Lower Kharthong. Economy In 2006 the Indian government named Dima Hasao one of the country's 250 (out of a total of ). It is one of the eleven districts in Assam currently receiving funds from the (BRGF). Demographics Population According to the Dima Hasao district has a of 213,529, roughly equal to the nation of.

This gives it a ranking of 588th in India (out of a total of ). The district has a population density of 44 inhabitants per square kilometre (110/sq mi). Its over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.53%.

Dima Hasao has a of 931 for every 1000 males, and a of 78.99%. The major indigenous communities inhabiting the district are, and a number of minor indigenous communities which includes Hrangkhol, Khasi-pnars, Khelmas and Vaiphei. Non-indigenous communities includes Bengali, Nepali tribes, Deshwali tribes and few other communities who have made the district their home. Languages.

Others (34.21%) Dima Hasao is one of the two hill districts in Assam which has a tribal majority population, the other being Karbi Anglong with the tribal population in Dima Hasao accounting for about 71% of the total population of the district according to the 2011 census. The major tribal languages spoken in the district are,.

The major non tribal languages spoken in the district are, and (a speech form of Hindi). Haflong Hindi is the lingua franca in the Dima Hasao. This article may require to meet Wikipedia's.

The specific problem is: Poor grammar, style, and diction Please help if you can. (March 2015) Dima Hasao District is a land of sensuousness. The population of the district if of various tribes and races who maintain their own dialect, culture, customs and usages. Apart from various tribes, non-tribals also account for a sizable amount of the population.

They are mostly government employees, traders, graziers living in urban and semi-urban area. The small and serene villages shelter the lovely people – warm and fascinating – and as colourful as the land itself.

The Dimasa Kacharis The are the most widely spread tribe in northeast India. They are said to be the earliest inhabitants of the Brahmaputra Valley.

The Kacharis belong to the Indo-Mongoloid (Kirata) group which include the Bodos and their allied tribes. They have prominent Mongoloid features with high cheek bones, slit eyes and a slight growth of hair in the body and scant beard. They call themselves Bodo or Bodo-fisa in the Brahmaputra valley and Dimasa or Dima-basa or ‘sons of the great river’ in the North Cachar Hills & Karbi- Anglong district. The greatly inhabit the northern half of the Dima Hasao District and ravines of the Jatinga valley and the adjoining areas. The Dimasas believe in the existence of a supreme being Madai – Under whom there are several Madais including family deities and evil spirits.

The religious practices of the Dimasas are reflected in their Daikho system. A Daikho has a presiding deity with a definite territorial jurisdiction and a distinct group of followers known as Khel.

Every Dimasa Kachari family worships its ancestral deity once a year before sowing the next paddy. It is known as Madai Khelimba.

This is done for the general welfare of the family. And Misengba is for the good of the whole community.

They cremate their dead. The dead body is washed and dressed in new clothes, the corpse is placed inside the house on a mat. A fowl is thrashed to death and placed at the foot of the deceased so that it might show the deceased the right path to heaven. The widow does not tie their hair till cremation.

The dead body is cremated by the side of a river or stream. The have a tendency to build their houses on hill slopes with a river or streamlet flowing nearby. The dwelling houses are built on plinth of earth – in two rows facing each other with a sufficiently wide gap in between. An important institution of the village is Hangsao. It is an association of unmarried boys and girls of the village. It is organized for the purpose of working together in cultivation and lasts only for one year.

Throughout the year, the members of the Hangsao work together in the Jhums cutivating by rotation an area of land at every member’s field. Music and dance play an important role in the day-to-day life of the Dimasa Kacharis. They sing and dance expressing their joy at the youth common houses ‘Nadrang’ or at the courtyard of the ‘Gajaibaou’s house in popular common festival like Bushu or Hangsao – manauba.

The female owner of the house, where the Bushu festival is held, is called ‘Gajaibaou’. By using their traditional musical instruments like Muri, Muri-wathisa, Supin Khram, Khramdubung, they present their traditional dances named – Baidima, Jaubani, Jaupinbani, Rennginbani, Baichargi, Kunlubani, Daislelaibani, Kamauthaikim Kaubani, Nanabairibani, Baururnjla, Kailaibani, Homaudaobani, Rongjaobani, Dausipamaikabani, Daudngjang, Nowaijang, Dailaibani, Narimbani, Rogidaw bihimaiyadaw, Maijaobani, Maisubanai, Richibbani, Michai bonthai jibnai, Homojing ladaibani, Berma charao paibani, Mangusha bondaibani, Madaikalimbani etc.

The males put on the traditional dresses like richa, rikaosa, paguri rimchau and rimchaoramai to perform the folk dances. The females put on Rigu, rijamfini, rijamfinaberen, rikaucha, rikhra, jingsudu etc. And wear ornaments like Kaudima, Khadu, Kamautai, Longbar, Panlaubar.

Chandraral, Rongbarcha, Enggrasa, Jongsama, Ligjao, Jingbri, Yausidam etc. The dance forms of the Dimasa Kacharis are complex in character.

They are strictly dependent on instrumental music. No songs are used. Khram (drum) follows the rhythm of the Muri (fife) and so also the dancers. Though one may find the music trilling from Muri to be monotonous, but there are variations with noticeable microtones for different dance forms. That is why young men practice dancing at Nadrang during leisure hours and the village children follow the rhythm and stepping at a distance from an early age. The are distributed in the southern region of Dima Hasao. They are classified by the anthropologists as one of the sub-tribes of the Kacha Nagas.

The Zemes living in Nagaland call themselves Zeliang and those of the Manipur borders are known as Zeliangrong. Tin Kilo village near Umrangso Originally they migrated from Nagaland via Manipur and settled down in the north-eastern part of N.C. Hills and south of Maibang, the ancient capital of the Kachari kings. They also settled as far as the bank of the river Kopili. With the decline of the Kachari power, the Zemes became easy victims of the depredations of the mighty Angami Nagas in the neighbourhood.

As a result, some of the Zemes migrated to the west and settled in the hills beyond the Diyung valley. They speak their own zemi dialect and are living peacefully along with the other tribes like Dimasa Kachari, Kuki, Hmar for more than two centuries.

The Zemes are well built, strong ang healthy with thick black hair and a fair complexion. The Hmars The Zeme villages are on the breezy hill-tops. Each village has dormitories for young boys and girls.

The boys’ dormitories are called Hangseuki and the girls’ are known as Leuseuki. All the young unmarried boys and girls spend the night in their respective dormitories. As soon as one is married he or she ceases to be a member of the dormitory which are considered as centers of learning as well as village recreational activities. The girls are taught weaving, spinning, singing and dancing etc. And the boys are taught wrestling, hunting and making of handicrafts.

These dormitories also serve as guest houses. Though a small section of the Zemes have been converted to Christianity, the larger section still honour their traditional festivals connected with agricultural activities and other social institutions.

They celebrate some six important festivals during the year. Youth dormitories play an important role in celebrating their festivals. The main festivals are – Helei-bambe, Nchang-bambe, Pokpat-ngi, Engkamngi, Siami and Hega-ngi – mostly connected with agricultural activities. Of the folk dances of the Zemes the popular ones are – Herepilim, Johumpeselim, Kan'guibelim, Kerapsaplim, Hakalim, Nbzchuinelim etc. In their songs and dance performances they use their traditional musical instruments – 'Nsum, Ntoi, Metiam, Hemeu, 'Nra, Kebuike etc.

The Zeme traditional male dresses are named as Heni, Njingni, Heteuba, Mpakphai, Peranphai, Lauhepai, etc. The young boys decorate their legs with rice powder paste and tie cane ropes just below the knee. The girls wear Mini Hegiangnine, Paimang, Paitik, Pilim etc. And ornaments made of silver, brass and colourful bird feathers for the earlobes.

The Hmars The are of Mongoloid stock. Though the tribe is divided into exogamous clans but they do not strictly adhere to exogamy. Monogamy is strictly followed. Arranged cum Love-Marriages are preferred. The system of bride price is still prealent & the youngest daughter usually gets an extra price called 'Nuzum'. Earlier they practiced animism & their God was 'Pathien' & sacrifices were offered for his appeasement. Now almost the whole of the tribe is converted into Christianity & they have built churches in their villages & religious rites are performed according to the tenets of Christianity.

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The Hmars built their villages on hill -tops & houses are constructed on wooden planks. Slash & burn system of agricultural practices is still at large amongst the Hmars. Even after long years of migration from their original abode, the Hmars still adhere to their traditional culture through observing their traditional festivals connecting with agricultural cycle & other community rites & practices. Their cultural traditions are best reflected in their folk songs & dances. Khuong (drum) is the main part of the musical instrument. The other musical instruments are Pheiphit (whistle made of bamboo), Theihle (bamboo flute), Darkhuong (gong), Darbu (set of small gong), Darmang (flat brass gong), Seki (set of mithun horn), Hna Mut (Leaf instrument), Perkhuong (guitar made of bamboo) etc. According to the Hmar genealogy, the following are the major clans.

They are Lawitlang, Zote, Lungtau, Thiek, Khawbung, Pakhuong, Faihriem, Darngawn, Leiri, Ngurte, Khiengte, Pautu, Khuolhring, Hmar Lusei, Changsan and Ngente,Khawthlang, khawzawl, Amo, varte, The chief of their village council is called 'LAL'. He is selected from amongst the youngest son except Leiri & Faihriem Clans. He is all-powerful and everybody follows his leadership and directive. The Hmar womenfolk are great weavers in their tiny loin looms. They dye their homespun yarns into different colours and weave exquisite clothes for the family. Man and women wear different kind of clothes.

Hmar – am is finely woven cloth for the aristocratic womenfolk, Tawn lo – puon is a breast cloth never to be touched by a man, Tharlaikawn is a body wrapper with coloured strips on the back for the women. Ngo – tlawng is a white wrapper for women, Thangsuo – Puon is for the great hunters and heroes who have earned the title ‘Thangsuo' for valour, Rukrak – puon is a long wrapper for village aristocrats, Hmar – puon is a common cloth with black and white strips, Daraki is a dhoti for the malefolk, Paihar is a chaddar for men, Lukawm is a soft cloth for man’s headgear, Poundum is a chaddar for menfolk and Puon – Kernei is the finely woven breast wrapper for the village maidens. The festival highlighting agricultural practices is Sikpui Ruoi and Butukhuonglawm. They express their happiness in Dar lam and Parton lam dances by rhythmic beating of the drums.

To honour a great hunter they perform Pheiphitlam dance accompanied by melodious tune trilling from their flutes. To perform Fahrel Tawk lam, they use bamboo poles like the Lusei (in their famous Cheraw dance).

The Hmars perform a number of dances –the Harvest dance is called Chawn lam, the hunting dance is known as Salu lam and a privately organized festival dance is popular as Thangkawngvailak. The dancers, both boys and girls, put on their colourful traditional dresses and the boys wear headgear Tawnlairang made of bird’s feathers or Lukhum made of bamboo, and the colourful shawl called Hmar puon. The girls adorn themselves with ornaments like Kutsabi (rings), Banbun (bangles), Nabe (earrings), Thi (Seeded Necklace), Thi val (beaded ornaments), Thi hna (beaded ornaments) etc., and wear exquisitely embroidered Puons, Puonbil and Zakuo. They rejoice in drinking ‘ Zu’ (rice beer) and the oldman and woman smoke in their ‘Tuibur’ pipes at their hearts content. The Hmars are great hunters and while returning with precious games, they dance ‘Salu lam’ to mark their victory. The Hmars love dancing so much that the very thought of the dance arena brings out the dancers in them. And they dance ‘Chawn lam’ while proceeding to the arena.

Leiri Village in Jinam Valley Area is the oldest Hmar Village in Dima Hasao dating back to the 17th and 18th Century. The Kukis The term 'Kuki' is a generic term for a number of mixed group of people who have migrated into India through Burma from central Asia. In Burma they are called Chin & in Indian frontier states they are best identified as. The Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. Of India lists 37 number of tribes which are under the Kuki community in Assam.

Baite or Biete. Changsan. Chongloi. Doungel. Gamlhou.

Gangte. Guite. Hangsing. Haokip or Haupit.

Haolai. Hengna. Hangsing.

Hrangkhawl or Rongkhol. Jongbe. Khawchung. Khwathlang. Khelma. Kholhou.

Kipgen. Kuki. Lienthang. Lhangunm. Lhoujem. Lhouvum. Lupheng.

Mangjol. Misao. Riang. Sairhem.

Selnam. Singson. Sitlhou. Sukte.

Thado. Thangew. Uibuh.

Vaiphei Being of mongoloid stock the Kukis are strongly built in features and are stout. They are patriarchal in social organization and the sons inherit the property. Marriage among the Kukis are monogamous and cross-cousin marriage is preferred. The Kukis prefer to live on the hill tops and their villages are cluster of houses closely constructed to protect from alien raiders. The village headman wields considerable power in their day-to-day life affairs. The headman is assisted by some wise man called Siemang and Pachong and all household heads of the village congregate to discuss & resolve matters relating to the village and the community. Though Christianity has brought considerable changes in their socio-economic life, yet the Kukis still adhere to much of their old customs, laws and habits which their illustrious forefathers adopted from time immemorial.

The Kukis grow dwarf cotton and spun yarns for their own use. They use vegetable dyes in a myriad of hues and weave dreamlike designs mostly geometric in nature.

The menfolk prefer colourful Sangkhol, a jacket and a pheichawm (short lungi or dhoti) and wrap a chaddar which is sometimes embroidered like a snake skin. They also wear head dresses viz., tuhpah, delkop. The women adorn themselves with a nih-san (red slip) underneath a pon've (a wrap around) which was worn from above the chest. The ornaments included bilba (earrings), hah-le-chao (bracelets & bangles), khi(necklace) and occasionally bilkam (a type of ring shaped earring to stretch the ear lobe). They split their tresses into two and wrap them over their heads into fine knots.

Both men and women enjoy smoking from their intricately crafted pipes named differently. Those made from stones and brass-metal is Sumeng golong, only made from brass-metal is Sum thin golong and those craved out of wood with a brass spout is called Gojung golong. After the harvest is over, the Kukis observe the Chavang kut festival at the country-yard of the village headman.

They perform traditional dances like Jongchalam, Malkanglam etc. To the tune of their traditional musical instruments – Khuong, Dahbo, Pheipit, Gosem, Dah-pi, Dah-cha, Pengkul, theile, theiphit, selki etc. Other festivals are Mim Kut, Sa-ai, Chang-Ai, Hun, Chawn le Han etc. The participating families wear their traditional dresses Sangkhol, Khamtang, Ponmonvom, saipikhup and the malefolk adorn with Sangkhol, Delkop etc. The harvest season is always a time for festivities, dancing and singing. The Kukis express the farmer’s happiness in Jongchalam by body breaks and rhythmic steps. And when the days of hard toil in their jhum fields are over, the Kukis rejoice while dancing Malkanglam.

Sagolpheikhal is a dance to express victory in war or in successful group hunting. The Biates The are one of the oldest hill tribes of India. They were the first to settle in present-day Mizoram, from where they were pushed by later immigrants further north to other parts of North Eastern India. Today, the Biates are found in all the states of North east India except Arunachal Pradesh.